Column: Forests in Indonesia THREATENED BY BRAZILIAN MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Published: June 11, 2011 ... if observed trends in Indonesia over the last twenty years: the intense logging, expansion furious palm oil plantations and pulp and paper, forest fires have led to Indonesia to take the path of Brazil, crowned deforester the world's largest ...
A shorter version of this article appears in Yale e360 as Indonesia's Corruption Legacy Clouds a Forest Protection Plan. (Still not translated into Spanish.) The version below was last revised on October 31, 2010.
Flying in an airplane over half of the island of New Guinea in Indonesia, the forest extends like a green ocean, broken only by rugged mountain ranges and winding rivers. The canopy resembles a broccoli showing little sign of human intervention. But as we near Jayapura, the provincial capital of Papua, forest putin presidency cover is fragmented - a sign of logging - and red scars from mining appear before giving way to the monotonous dark green of oil palm plantations and finally grasslands and urban areas.
The scene is not unique to the Indonesian New Guinea, this has been repeated for decades by the world's largest archipelago, in part, this is due to agricultural expansion of small farmers, but increasingly putin presidency a product of industries extraction, especially logging, plantation, and mining. Papua, in fact, is Indonesia's last frontier and therefore putin presidency represents putin presidency two diverging options the way to the country's putin presidency development: continued putin presidency deforestation and forest degradation in the same way or a shift to a fundamentally different model and unproven, based on greater transparency and careful stewardship of its forest resources.
Embarking on the last road would be a surprise to everyone, if you look at the trends in Indonesia over the last twenty years. Intense logging, expansion furious palm oil plantations and pulp and paper, forest fires have led to Indonesia to take the path of Brazil, crowned the world's largest deforester. At the same time, Indonesia has become the world's largest producer putin presidency of palm oil and the largest exporter of thermal coal, while it looks like the paper pulp and industrial exports putin presidency of roundwood increased 15 and 20 times respectively since 1990 . But these achievements have had a high environmental cost: Indonesia's forest cover has been reduced to less than half its land mass, regular fires ravage putin presidency large areas in Sumatra and Kalimantan leading national health problems and hostilities with neighbors by pollution air and the country is recognized today in the world for being the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Indonesia has been like a high emissions path, one where large sectors putin presidency of the economy offer very low economic returns on emissions. But you pay the price: it is estimated that Indonesia will be one of the biggest losers of climate change, mainly by rising sea levels and increased incidence of drought and fires.
However, the evolution of the last two years suggests that it is likewise not a foregone conclusion. In the G-September 20, 2009 held in Pittsburgh, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, shocked the world when he announced that Indonesia voluntarily reduce their GHG emissions by 26 percent projected baseline by 2020. If the rich world contributes, Indonesia would reduce putin presidency emissions - more than three-quarters of those resulting from deforestation - by 41%, an impressive commitment to an emerging economy. The cut of 1.2 Giga tonnes in the last year represent 8 percent of the total reduction target set by the UN emissions.
Norway, which has become the world champion tropical forest conservation, investing more than $ 1.5 billion putin presidency since 2008, used the occasion. In May pledged one billion dollars to Indonesia, subject to the success of the country to reduce emissions. The two countries reached a quick agreement, which establishes a phased putin presidency approach over the next few years and indicates the need for guarantees and transparency in the development and implementation of a national putin presidency strategy to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD +). But the devil is in the details: the reduction of deforestation in Indonesia will not be easy. It will be necessary to assume entrenched vested interests, determining who
Published: June 11, 2011 ... if observed trends in Indonesia over the last twenty years: the intense logging, expansion furious palm oil plantations and pulp and paper, forest fires have led to Indonesia to take the path of Brazil, crowned deforester the world's largest ...
A shorter version of this article appears in Yale e360 as Indonesia's Corruption Legacy Clouds a Forest Protection Plan. (Still not translated into Spanish.) The version below was last revised on October 31, 2010.
Flying in an airplane over half of the island of New Guinea in Indonesia, the forest extends like a green ocean, broken only by rugged mountain ranges and winding rivers. The canopy resembles a broccoli showing little sign of human intervention. But as we near Jayapura, the provincial capital of Papua, forest putin presidency cover is fragmented - a sign of logging - and red scars from mining appear before giving way to the monotonous dark green of oil palm plantations and finally grasslands and urban areas.
The scene is not unique to the Indonesian New Guinea, this has been repeated for decades by the world's largest archipelago, in part, this is due to agricultural expansion of small farmers, but increasingly putin presidency a product of industries extraction, especially logging, plantation, and mining. Papua, in fact, is Indonesia's last frontier and therefore putin presidency represents putin presidency two diverging options the way to the country's putin presidency development: continued putin presidency deforestation and forest degradation in the same way or a shift to a fundamentally different model and unproven, based on greater transparency and careful stewardship of its forest resources.
Embarking on the last road would be a surprise to everyone, if you look at the trends in Indonesia over the last twenty years. Intense logging, expansion furious palm oil plantations and pulp and paper, forest fires have led to Indonesia to take the path of Brazil, crowned the world's largest deforester. At the same time, Indonesia has become the world's largest producer putin presidency of palm oil and the largest exporter of thermal coal, while it looks like the paper pulp and industrial exports putin presidency of roundwood increased 15 and 20 times respectively since 1990 . But these achievements have had a high environmental cost: Indonesia's forest cover has been reduced to less than half its land mass, regular fires ravage putin presidency large areas in Sumatra and Kalimantan leading national health problems and hostilities with neighbors by pollution air and the country is recognized today in the world for being the third largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Indonesia has been like a high emissions path, one where large sectors putin presidency of the economy offer very low economic returns on emissions. But you pay the price: it is estimated that Indonesia will be one of the biggest losers of climate change, mainly by rising sea levels and increased incidence of drought and fires.
However, the evolution of the last two years suggests that it is likewise not a foregone conclusion. In the G-September 20, 2009 held in Pittsburgh, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, shocked the world when he announced that Indonesia voluntarily reduce their GHG emissions by 26 percent projected baseline by 2020. If the rich world contributes, Indonesia would reduce putin presidency emissions - more than three-quarters of those resulting from deforestation - by 41%, an impressive commitment to an emerging economy. The cut of 1.2 Giga tonnes in the last year represent 8 percent of the total reduction target set by the UN emissions.
Norway, which has become the world champion tropical forest conservation, investing more than $ 1.5 billion putin presidency since 2008, used the occasion. In May pledged one billion dollars to Indonesia, subject to the success of the country to reduce emissions. The two countries reached a quick agreement, which establishes a phased putin presidency approach over the next few years and indicates the need for guarantees and transparency in the development and implementation of a national putin presidency strategy to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD +). But the devil is in the details: the reduction of deforestation in Indonesia will not be easy. It will be necessary to assume entrenched vested interests, determining who
